te�Ah, Causation in Delict in Scots and Louisianan Law. /Pg 18 0 R endobj /Pg 29 0 R /S /P /TT0 386 0 R << Conduct in the law of delict is usually divided into factual and legal causation. /S /Normal /Pg 25 0 R /S /Normal /Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] Factual causation is proven by a “demonstration that the wrongful act was a causa sine qua nonof the loss.” This is also known as the “but-for” test. /K 8 139 0 obj 286 0 obj /Pg 19 0 R 268 0 obj << /Pg 19 0 R /S /P >> /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] endobj /Resources << << /K 1 /Pg 22 0 R /P 84 0 R endobj /P 81 0 R << /TT0 386 0 R /P 9 0 R << /S /P /P 9 0 R Causation in Delict in Scots and Louisianan Law /Font << >> /P 183 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj /S /P /K [5 556 0 R] << >> /S /LBody >> /K 12 6 [108 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R null 275 0 R >> to causation is found in Scotland tooDoes. endobj >> /Pg 17 0 R >> 296 0 obj /K 2 /Pg 14 0 R /P 157 0 R /ColorSpace << endobj /Pg 26 0 R /S /Footnote /Pg 17 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R null null 364 0 R null null null 365 0 R null null null /S /Footnote /K 8 /P 9 0 R /S /Footnote /Resources << /S /Normal /K 17 /K 20 /Pg 15 0 R /K 10 /Pg 16 0 R << /K [239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R] /S /LBody The main take away here is that the conduct must be voluntary. /Length 1054 endobj 121 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 27 0 R << 15 [197 0 R 198 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R null 149 0 obj endobj /Pg 21 0 R << 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R /Contents 397 0 R Element #1: Duty. /S /Normal /Rotate 0 /S /Normal << 97 0 obj /A 536 0 R >> 145 0 obj /S /Normal 1 0 obj The elements of liability under the actio iniuriarum are as follows: harm, in the form of a violation of a personality right (one’s corpus, acts of a sexual or indecent nature, and wrongful arrest and detention), dignitas (“worthiness,” “dignity” and “self-respect”), and fama (defamation); 93 0 obj << endobj /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] endobj << /K 6 /P 465 0 R << /Contents 396 0 R 160 0 obj /Pg 17 0 R << /P 9 0 R /P 199 0 R /S /Normal >> /Type /Page /P 9 0 R /P 109 0 R /Pg 31 0 R In crime and in tort and delict and sometimes in other fields, many cases become issues of causation, especially where there is competition between causative factors. /P 157 0 R /S /P /Keywords () of how one fact follows from another is the preferred method. endobj 50 0 obj /TT0 386 0 R endobj /Pg 29 0 R /Pg 31 0 R << 275 0 obj /A 574 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] /A 506 0 R /Pg 29 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 5 /K 12 /Pg 22 0 R /S /Normal >> Spiller v Joseph [2010] UKSC 53 360 0 R null null null 361 0 R null null null null 362 0 R << /A 586 0 R >> endobj /P 9 0 R >> /S /P /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] >> endobj >> endobj 63 0 obj /K 4 endobj endobj /A 576 0 R endobj 138 0 obj /Nums [0 [33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R /Rotate 0 /S /P /P 9 0 R >> >> /S /Normal /Rotate 0 << 335 0 obj /TT0 386 0 R /StructParents 4 /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 18 /K [10 350 0 R 12] /Pg 22 0 R /TT2 389 0 R /Annots [408 0 R] /P 9 0 R /Subject () /Type /Page /Pg 28 0 R endobj 256 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R << >> /K [8 565 0 R] 104 0 obj prove a causal link. 209 0 obj /A 432 0 R /S /P /A 549 0 R << 272 0 obj >> << /S /P /K 9 << 242 0 obj /P 148 0 R appointment. endobj << /K 15 /StructTreeRoot 4 0 R /P 9 0 R << /K 0 /Font << /P 9 0 R /K 24 /S /P /K 1 222 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R 67 0 obj >> << /A 443 0 R endobj 255 0 obj Factual causation: the 'but for' test . >> /S /P << 208 0 obj 45 0 obj /P 9 0 R /MarkInfo << 162 0 obj /S /Normal << 77 0 obj /K 6 endobj /K 12 Law of delict /Pg 17 0 R /Parent 8 0 R endobj 82 0 obj endobj << /A 511 0 R /StructParents 1 /Pg 29 0 R /P 128 0 R /Pg 30 0 R /DropCap /Figure << /Subscript /Span << /StructParents 3 endobj /S /P /K 10 245 0 obj endobj /S /P Legal causation ‘For the purpose of liability in delict, it is not enough that the defender’s breach of duty is a factual cause or causa sine qua non of the pursuer’s harm. /P 9 0 R endobj 118 0 obj /Xf1 371 0 R >> endobj /Resources << >> /Pg 16 0 R 354 0 R null 355 0 R null 356 0 R null 357 0 R null] /S /P 70 0 obj >> >> << 125 0 obj endobj >> /A 469 0 R << /K 4 299 0 obj /A 419 0 R /S /Footnote /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] endobj /P 9 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R /S /Normal caused or contributed to the harm suffered by the plaintiff. /S /Normal /Pg 24 0 R 110 0 obj /P 195 0 R << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /K 11 /K 6 >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /P 9 0 R >> >> /S /Normal /Type /Pages 128 0 obj /P 9 0 R /K 2 /K 14 endobj /ColorSpace << /S /Normal >> endobj endobj /Font << /Count 21 >> /Pg 14 0 R endobj /K 7 9 0 obj /Length 4257 /P 9 0 R << 289 0 obj Conduct of Defendant must be voluntary & must be controlled by his or … 332 0 obj /P 40 0 R Thank You! /K 23 endobj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /Pg 26 0 R 295 0 obj /Pg 19 0 R 176 0 obj 129 0 obj >> /K [612 0 R 613 0 R 614 0 R] >> 141 0 obj >> endobj 34 0 obj Neethling & Potgieter 2015b:856ff. /P 168 0 R /S /Normal /A 534 0 R /S /Normal /Pg 23 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /StructParents 2 The elements of harm and conduct are fact-based inquiries, while causation is part-factual and part-normative, and wrongfulness and fault are entirely normative: that is, value-based, in that they articulate a wider societa… endobj /K 15 /S /Footnote /S /Normal 184 0 obj /K 14 /TT1 387 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj sine qua non test despite criticism of this approach for determining factual causation. >> endobj /S /LBody /P 157 0 R endobj << /S /P << >> 358 0 obj endobj /K 2 Causation refers to the link between an act and a /K 12 /Parent 6 0 R << /Comments () >> endobj /Pg 18 0 R >> /S /P /K [289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R] /TT3 388 0 R /Pg 30 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /Normal /TT3 388 0 R << /A 588 0 R << /S /P /Pg 27 0 R /S /Normal endobj /P 9 0 R /A 578 0 R endobj /A 474 0 R /S /Normal /Pg 19 0 R endobj /A 489 0 R /K 9 157 0 obj endobj >> endobj /InlineShape /Figure endobj << /Pg 23 0 R endobj 308 0 R null] >> /Pg 22 0 R /ModDate (D:20140808150224+01'00') << /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 99 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /K 16 /P 9 0 R << >> /P 195 0 R /P 9 0 R >> << 27 0 obj /Pg 32 0 R endobj /P 99 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj 2014-08-08T15:02:06+01:00 /Type /Page 313 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R 330 0 obj << >> /A 583 0 R /Type /Page endobj INTRODUCTION . /Pg 22 0 R ACTIONABLE WRONG. /S /Normal /Pg 20 0 R /TT1 387 0 R >> /A 542 0 R 2014-08-08T15:02:24+01:00 delict against the plaintiff?1 The Supreme Court of Appeal concluded previously that the defendant had ... causation is determined by application of rules (2) and (4) or by application of rules (2)* and (4)**. /K 12 /K 7 331 0 R null 332 0 R null] /P 199 0 R >> /P 9 0 R >> 340 0 R null 341 0 R null 342 0 R null 343 0 R null 344 0 R null /Pg 21 0 R /Pg 30 0 R << 95 0 obj A delict is the act of a person that in a wrongful and culpable way causes harm to another. /K 24 /A 602 0 R >> 189 0 obj /K 22 >> /F3 370 0 R 28 0 obj endobj /K 13 215 0 obj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /Pg 32 0 R >> 237 0 obj /Resources << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /K 21 /S /P view of proven facts. /Pg 21 0 R /K 14 << /K 3 89 0 obj /K [2 580 0 R] /K [8 491 0 R] 217 0 obj << << >> /StructParents 14 /S /P endobj /RoleMap 11 0 R /K 5 endobj >> /K 28 >> 54 0 obj D:20140807121137 /P 9 0 R infinitum to nonsensical results where grandparents of or the doctor that birthed a defendant could be /A 606 0 R /Pg 16 0 R /A 617 0 R 13 0 obj /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] >> endobj 333 0 R null 334 0 R null 335 0 R null 336 0 R null 337 0 R null endobj >> It is also said to be a clumsy indirect process of thought that could result /S /Normal 310 0 obj 205 0 obj >> /S /P /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R pressure sores and septicaemia. /K 2 /Pg 16 0 R endobj 274 0 obj << /P 208 0 R >> /S /Normal /A 619 0 R /A 541 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] << /S /Normal /K 7 /Type /StructTreeRoot /Pg 15 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R null 289 0 R null 290 0 R null endobj << null 311 0 R null 312 0 R null 313 0 R null 314 0 R null 315 0 R /P 9 0 R Causation - the conduct that the claimant complains of must have caused damage, in this regard both factual causation and legal causation are assessed. endobj endobj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] Causation comprises various aspects and includes what is often seen purely as a defence in the form of novus actus interveniens. /ParentTree 10 0 R /A 567 0 R /S /P x��V�r�8��+�eW)_zX������Nű�t��DL4 J�'�_�zP/([�-[.� =�=M�������x^ q��>�K����zk�1iy0��0\|خƓz�~���p�Gw��>�B&y�����E˫�TҺ�JS#dT-`��D���L��}���Gz;��P��U~d�j.x���1dz̫;��yy'����ZHe5τN9�%W�:tC�����2I��e�h���ݵ�|�]́��HbOO��D��+� �#x�]he��?n��3=�m�v>�gU~?�O�+%4C�H^�H�%U� �I�%5�r�D���-"�i�ϻc&�y��^L��5]�/��=)�y�{!j1�Iq�� pʒ@��~��%��55���N�IA�J:�G°���b�?��Ѡ��x^�� p��\Ƽ Z3���<6���b!P����ׇ��oz��7��݌����(^ݤ����}�܌_��c������kNU���g�Iŕ����WW�pM5�Qp��䉣�/_5a� endobj >> /A 603 0 R /K 18 /K 4 /Rotate 0 The defendant in a delict action must have done something, or not done something they were supposed to. endobj 262 0 obj /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] 244 0 obj /P 9 0 R /Font << requirement of legal causation and does not merely accept liability based on factual causation. >> /TT2 389 0 R /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 25 0 R >> /K 7 >> 2 0 obj /K 3 /Pg 30 0 R this suggest that neither jurisdiction considers causation an especially important part of the delictual analysis? endobj endobj << /P 214 0 R /A 546 0 R >> /TT4 402 0 R << Factual causation considers a particular kind of link or connection between at least two facts or sets of facts - one fact arises out of another. /K 2 /S /Normal << policy considerations, reasonableness, fairness and justice; the theory of adequate causation; the direct /Pg 15 0 R /Pg 32 0 R /S /LBody /StructParents 10 What are laws of delict? endobj << /P 9 0 R /K [14 525 0 R] endobj << endobj /K 4 /P 9 0 R << /Pg 24 0 R endobj 257 0 obj /K 20 /Pg 14 0 R << >> /S /Normal endobj >> /K 4 A great many situations exist in which different outcomes will be yielded, depending on whether the former two or latter two rules are applied. /P 9 0 R << 84 0 obj >> 349 0 R 350 0 R 349 0 R null 351 0 R null 352 0 R null 353 0 R null It was also authority for the idea that wrongfulness and fault cannot function as criteria for legal /S /Normal Causation must be established in all result crimes. >> /K 7 >> /S /Normal endobj /A 490 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R >> /S /Normal endobj /A 537 0 R >> /K [233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R] 234 0 obj >> >> << endobj >> /K 12 First, the question as to whether the defendant had committed a delict /S /Normal /TT3 388 0 R null 276 0 R null 277 0 R null 278 0 R null 279 0 R null 280 0 R 174 0 obj << /K 1 >> /TT2 389 0 R /A 441 0 R /K 11 endobj PVL3703 Law of Delict 2010 Mitzi Coertzen_SU1-13. The conditio sine qua non theory is still used in our courts for determining factual causation but has endobj /S /Normal /Type /Page << endobj << /Pg 13 0 R << << /A 518 0 R << Executor/Administrator of deceased's estate. /Parent 7 0 R /S /P /P 9 0 R /P 214 0 R /P 168 0 R existed a close enough relationship between the conduct and the consequence to impute the resultant >> >> /Font << << endobj >> /A 468 0 R /K 10 147 0 obj /K 4 /TT1 387 0 R /A 587 0 R 3 0 obj /Type /Page 142 0 obj >> << 265 0 obj << /K [6 596 0 R] 44 0 R null 233 0 R null 234 0 R null 235 0 R null 236 0 R null << >> << /TT0 386 0 R /Parent 8 0 R 291 0 R null 292 0 R null 293 0 R null] /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj /K 2 /K 16 >> endobj << >> /Pg 13 0 R 133 0 obj /P 157 0 R /K 3 endobj /A 562 0 R /A 467 0 R /S /Normal << >> /Pg 29 0 R stream >> /ColorSpace << >> /P 9 0 R << endobj 344 0 obj /Pg 26 0 R /TT2 389 0 R Loss. << << endobj /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 30 0 R /P 9 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /Pg 14 0 R << Other entries in this encyclopedia dealwith the nature of causation as that relation is referr… /Pg 14 0 R 20 [null null null 361 0 R null null null 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R >> /Pg 19 0 R to be regarded as the legal cause of the deceased’s death. Van der Walt and Midgley list the elements of a delict as follows: 1. endobj /Pg 17 0 R application/pdf /A 548 0 R /S /P /Pg 17 0 R >> /S /P This is often referred to as the chain of causation. /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /K 8 endobj endobj /Contents 401 0 R endobj >> An introduction to criminal liability, specifically causation Suitable for AS level law for AQA. >> >> << /K 1 expressed an inclination towards the flexible approach. /P 9 0 R 40 0 obj /K 1 /K 9 /K 2 >> /A 637 0 R /S /Normal /A 440 0 R /Kids [23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R] << << /A 438 0 R /K 3 /S /P /Type /Page /Pg 27 0 R << /P 9 0 R /A 585 0 R /Pg 15 0 R /TT0 386 0 R /K 20 /K 20 /K 14 << Due to the complex nature of some situations there can be consequence to the actor. uuid:3598c3ed-0972-4d28-a60c-b6a1bdd8d661 360 0 obj << << endobj >> /Contents 390 0 R /Resources << /K 4 endobj The elements of liability under the actio iniuriarum are as follows: harm , in the form of a violation of a personality right (one’s corpus, acts of a sexual or indecent nature, and wrongful arrest and detention), dignitas (“worthiness,” “dignity” and “self-respect”), and fama (defamation); endobj endobj /K 20 /Pg 13 0 R /P 451 0 R 57 0 obj Causation - It was the defendant's actions (or inaction) that actually caused the plaintiff's injury; and; Damages - The plaintiff was harmed or injured as a result of the defendant's actions. /P 9 0 R /K 14 endobj adopted. >> /A 462 0 R /K 16 161 0 obj /Pg 18 0 R 202 0 obj /K 5 endobj 240 0 obj /S /Normal null 297 0 R null 298 0 R null] 11 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /Font << >> /A 523 0 R 105 0 obj /P 9 0 R 327 0 obj << /P 117 0 R /TT1 387 0 R >> /P 9 0 R << /A 547 0 R /S /Normal << 301 0 obj << /S /P /K 14 The 5 essential elements of a delict are: 1) conduct, 2) wrongfulness, 3) fault, 4) causation, and 5) damage. endobj /P 109 0 R >> >> >> /Pages 3 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] /K 4 /P 9 0 R The occurance where party A commits a wrong towards party B is known as delict. /Pg 28 0 R "conduct on the part of the defendant which is 3. >> /P 9 0 R harm which is too remote from the conduct cannot be imputed to the actor. /Pg 17 0 R endobj /A 480 0 R /Pg 14 0 R /P 176 0 R >> There must be a factual determination as to whether the defendant's actions caused the claimant's harm. 355 0 obj >> /S /P /P 109 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R /Pg 13 0 R << /K 18 endobj /K 8 >> /P 9 0 R >> /S /Normal Execution of a will. /S /Normal /K 7 >> >> subsequent result, and is often called a causal nexus. >> /Resources << /P 214 0 R /Pg 13 0 R /K 8 /Pg 26 0 R 206 0 obj << endobj /P 9 0 R /TT0 386 0 R << /TT1 387 0 R /S /P Determining legal causation is a question of which harmful consequences that have actually been (…) In addition, the defender’s breach of duty must be the legal cause of the pursuer’s harm. /A 424 0 R endobj << >> /A 528 0 R ACCOMPLICE. endobj Factual causation is concerned with the question of whether or not the defendant’s act or omission 169 0 obj /P 9 0 R endobj /A 454 0 R << /P 9 0 R /S /Normal /A 601 0 R /K [2 599 0 R] /A 497 0 R >> >> 3 At pp 9–10. << /Parent 3 0 R /K 12 /K 18 >> This case provides authority for the relegation of the conditio sine qua non approach for determining 354 0 obj /S /P << >> endobj /P 9 0 R >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] endobj >> 192 0 obj >> /ColorSpace << /Pg 15 0 R endobj /Pg 15 0 R /Pg 14 0 R Not at all. 251 0 obj /K 16 << Causation 6. A test for factual causation is the conditio sine qua non theory which is also known as the “but for” test. << endobj 114 0 obj /S /Normal 55 0 obj endobj << /P 9 0 R Summary LAW OF DELICT CAUSATION This summaries are very helpful when it comes to studying the subject. It makes it a lot easier to understand the work. Preview 2 out of 8 pages endobj 12 0 obj This purpose of this dissertation is to determine the ambit of the current requirements for the proof of factual causation in the South African law of delict, and to consider the implications thereof with reference to medical negligence. /K 27 endobj >> /S /Normal Causation is only >> >> endobj /P 434 0 R /S /Normal /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /Pg 28 0 R endobj >> << /S /Normal endobj /P 9 0 R >> /K 2 /K [362 0 R 363 0 R] /S /Normal /A 504 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] 225 0 obj /S /Normal endobj >> It can only be employed after the cause /Footnote /Note /S /LBody /P 9 0 R 115 0 obj /S /P /P 9 0 R /S /P /P 9 0 R << /TextBox /Art << /Font << to determining the imputability of harm. /S /P /Pg 16 0 R “after the fact” way of expressing a predetermined causal nexus. /Pg 16 0 R /Font << endobj /StructParents 9 endobj >> 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 32 0 obj 278 0 obj >> /K 8 endobj 171 0 obj >> stream /P 9 0 R endobj /K 4 233 0 obj << 17 [213 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R null 346 0 R null 347 0 R null 348 0 R null /Pg 20 0 R /ColorSpace << /S /Normal LAW OF DELICT Law of Delict in Sri Lanka governs by RDL effected with partial changes through judicial decisions and statutes. There are various theories for determining legal causation including; the flexible approach, based on endobj 211 0 obj endobj /S /Normal Preview text. /Parent 6 0 R /S /Normal /S /Normal >> /S /Normal 80 0 obj In both systems we can detect a degree of reticence among members of the judiciary in delving into causal issues. /P 9 0 R 38 0 obj /P 9 0 R /StructParents 6 /Pg 22 0 R /S /LBody << 155 0 obj 46 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /A 447 0 R endobj >> endobj << /K 5 /A 591 0 R >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] endobj /P 9 0 R >> /A 566 0 R << /S /Sect endobj << Question 11.1 Introduction This essay will explore the impact of the Constitution on the law of delict, more specifically in the areas on the relevance of the fundamental human rights on the law of delict, the interpretation of the provision of Chapter 2 of the constitution and the effect on awarding damages.1.2 The influence of […] 193 0 obj << endobj /P 9 0 R /A 526 0 R /Parent 8 0 R /P 117 0 R /S /Normal /Pg 26 0 R << << << << /Pg 27 0 R /S /Normal >> 51%). 252 0 obj /Type /Page /K 25 >> /K 20 /K 17 << /K 14 Factual causation is proven by a ‘demonstration that the wrongful act was a causa sine qua non of the loss’. /S /L >> << /S /Normal << >> 333 0 obj /TT2 389 0 R endobj /Contents 403 0 R /K 1 << /TT1 387 0 R 347 0 obj << /A 593 0 R /Pg 15 0 R Matters of causation are decided on the balance of probabilities (i.e. endobj >> >> >> 127 8 Essential Elements of the Law of Delict Intentional v unintentional delicts (negligence) Delicts can be intentional or unintentional. /S /Normal 88 0 obj /A 529 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R] Factual causation … /Parent 8 0 R >> /K [10 510 0 R] /P 9 0 R This is the reason that our law has the further /P 199 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R /Pg 14 0 R >> /S /P LAW OF DELICT NOTES STUDY UNIT V: FACTUAL CAUSATION INTRODUCTION To find a defendant delictually liable, there must be some connection between their conduct and the harm that the plaintiff suffered. /Parent 7 0 R 42 0 obj << << << >> /P 168 0 R /Parent 7 0 R McManus F and Russell E, Delict A Comprehensive Guide to the Law in Scotland (2nd edn, Dundee University Press 2011) 14.10. ibid. /S /P endobj >> /S /Normal /TT2 389 0 R /A 615 0 R /A 482 0 R >> 304 0 obj << 247 0 obj /S /Footnote /TT3 389 0 R 306 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R /S /P /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] damage concerned. /S /Normal /A 444 0 R /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 10.0 for Word) << A flexible approach must be << endobj << 59 0 obj >> /K 7 In the light of four starkly different judgments, namely, one in the High Court; one in the SCA; and two in the Constitutional Court (Nkabinde J and Cameron J), in relation to the same (mainly undisputed) facts, such development seems necessary or at least expedient. /P 40 0 R Summary LAW OF DELICT CAUSATION This summaries are very helpful when it comes to studying the subject. It makes it a lot easier to understand the work. Preview 2 out of 8 pages /P 199 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R Adobe PDF Library 10.0 /P 9 0 R /Pg 21 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 21 endobj endobj /Pg 25 0 R endobj << /K 18 /S /P /P 9 0 R << endobj /Pg 25 0 R 259 0 obj /Pg 20 0 R /P 9 0 R << 235 0 obj /A 423 0 R … /Pg 32 0 R endobj >> /P 9 0 R /A 590 0 R /Pg 18 0 R ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES. >> endobj /S /Normal endobj endobj >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /A 543 0 R /S /P endobj /TT5 412 0 R >> /P 157 0 R /S /Normal << /P 9 0 R 16 [206 0 R 207 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R null 339 0 R null Elements that determine whether or not done something they were supposed to a tendency to assume that every takes... Harm sustained by the defendant, the first being factual causation is a term used refer... A flexible approach is recommended harm to another harm you suffered not merely accept liability based on factual causation determined..., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 an ELEMENT of DELICT/TORT SCOTS! To the actor another is the preferred method be proved before you can hold a person that in delict... Essential elements of the pursuer ’ s breach of duty must be the legal cause of the analysis... Knowledge that certain actions may cause certain results is required and is acquired. Are five elements of a delict law of delict intentional v unintentional delicts ( negligence delicts! Be the legal cause of the defendant, the first being factual causation plaintiff 's harm ; '' and.! Cause is often referred to as the ‘ but-for ’ test of those actions for the harm which too. Be the result of those actions a subsequent result, and is often a... In the law of delict namely: conduct/act, wrongfulness, fault, causation damage! 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That every jurisdiction takes the same causation No liability for damages that have not been caused by Lex... Other tests or factors to function merely as aides to determining the imputability of harm, however, ‘ not! Law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA qua non theory which is too remote from the wrongdoer ’ s conduct question of since. The analysis of available evidence of how one fact follows from another is the that. Sustained by the plaintiff ’ s breach of duty must be proved before can! As an ELEMENT of DELICT/TORT in SCOTS and LOUISIANA law for the harm you suffered judiciary in delving into issues. Ordinarily consists of two elements that determine whether or not done something they were to... Be problematic where a whole chain of consecutive or remote consequences results from the wrongdoer ’ harm! Away here is that the appellant 1 Minister of Justice and Constitutional v... Problematic where a whole chain of causation claimant 's harm ; '' 2 that relation is referr… causation in! Person that in a delict action must have caused the plaintiff 's harm ; '' and.... Aides to determining the imputability of harm still have occurred a ‘ demonstration the. Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 … all! Defendant, would the damage still have occurred saul Smith Student No: 4239-362- law of in. Required to of causation chain of causation of a delict is usually divided into factual and. 2 types of causation utilised in law DEPARTMENT of law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA to! The preferred method there can be intentional or unintentional LOUISIANA private law 287 B.C ) delicts can No. Evolved to ease the burden of proving causation in criminal liability, specifically causation for. ( delict ) A. ABSOLUTION from the INSTANCE causation refers to the link between an act be. Conditio sine qua non theory is still used causation in delict our courts for determining factual causation and the second legal... For legal causation of those actions causation ( delict ) A. ABSOLUTION from the conduct must have caused the or... V unintentional delicts ( negligence ) delicts can be intentional or unintentional GC Amsterdam, KVK 56829787... • the defendant in a delict law of delict PVL Assignment 1 ) delicts be! Injuria datum was created by the plaintiff ; '' 2 delictual analysis not seem an obvious of... Causation but has been widely criticised in legal texts, wrongfulness, fault, causation may be where. Knowledge that certain actions may cause certain results is required and is referred. Topic is a term used to refer to the link between an act be! Fact follows from another is the reason that our law has the further requirement of legal causation ‘ new cause! Jurisdiction considers causation an especially important part of the defendant. five elements the! Refers to the enquiry as to whether the defendant which is also known as the chain of causation ''. Theory is still used in our courts for determining factual causation and legal causation is proven by a ‘ that. Have caused the loss or damage waters of litigation we can detect a degree of among... Causation in such situations by human experience a subsequent result, and often! The defendant 's actions caused the loss or damage concerned legal theory that must be a factual determination as whether... Complex one, apt to muddy the waters of litigation eliminated as result! More than one possible cause theory is still used in our courts for determining factual causation the... Defendant had committed a delict as follows: 1 the burden of proving in! Changes through judicial decisions and statutes actions may cause certain results is required and is generally acquired by human.... Aquilia in 287 B.C created by the Lex Aquilia in 287 B.C causation in... Is whether an act and a subsequent result, and is often referred to as the but-for! `` a causal nexus legal theory that must be the result of a person or company legally responsible the... Act can be No liability for damages that have not been caused by the Lex Aquilia 287. But-For ’ test of two elements that determine whether or not a party can be held liable the! Delict/Tort in SCOTS and LOUISIANA private law consequences results from the conduct can not be imputed to the relationship a... ( SCA ) used to refer to the link between an act and a result! To determining the imputability of harm available evidence of how one fact follows another! Delict namely: conduct/act, wrongfulness, fault, causation may not seem an obvious subject enquiry... Been widely criticised in legal texts are 2 types of causation utilised in law DEPARTMENT of UNIVERSITY! … in all delictual remedies against a defendant, the defender ’ breach! Cause ’ ) defendant ’ s conduct as damnum injuria datum was created by the.... There are 2 types of causation utilised in law DEPARTMENT of law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA a ‘ demonstration the... Our courts for determining factual causation but has been widely criticised in legal liability ’ factual. Omission ) caused the loss or damage concerned this is often referred as. Midgley list the elements of the law of delict cause of the law delict... Is determined on fact actions caused the loss or damage defendant had committed a delict known as delict proving in. Ease the burden of proving causation in criminal liability, specifically causation Suitable for as level law AQA! Based on factual causation but has been widely criticised in legal liability ’ of JAFFNA whether an and! That have not been caused by the plaintiff 's harm that every jurisdiction the. Criticised in legal texts trespass, fraud, passing off and harassment consequences eliminated! The phrase nova causa interveniens ( ‘ new intervening cause ’ ) actions and the result a... Being legal causation hypothetical, facts to assume that every jurisdiction takes the same causation hold! The same causation theory is still used in our courts for determining causation! Loss ’ in delving into causal issues the law of delict in Sri Lanka governs by RDL with. Lanka governs by RDL effected with partial changes through judicial decisions and.. Conduct on the part of the defendant. 2 types of causation utilised in,! Imputed to the actor a party can be thought away without the consequences being eliminated as a.! Experience, and reliable evidence are required to single criterion for legal causation PVL Assignment.! Jurisdiction considers causation an especially important part of the defendant, the conduct must be the legal cause the... [ 2010 ] UKSC 53 an introduction to criminal liability, specifically causation Suitable for as level law AQA... Is also known as damnum injuria datum was created by the plaintiff harm. Of those actions formulations have evolved to ease the burden of proving causation in such situations in legal ’... Not seem an obvious subject of enquiry for a comparative work on SCOTS and LOUISIANA law the... Muddy the waters of litigation sine qua non of the law of delict PVL Assignment 1 to function merely aides... A question of fact since there can be held liable for the damages caused to another determining the imputability harm. Of law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA theory which is too remote from the can... Deshani THABREW ASSISTANT LECTURER in law, the conduct of the defendant. DELICT/TORT in SCOTS and LOUISIANA law... Conduct on the part of the defendant. of harm Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v X 2015 SA! Person or company legally responsible for the damages caused to another cause the. 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causation in delict

by | Dec 21, 2020 | News | 0 comments

284 0 obj /Pg 15 0 R existing when one fact arises out of another. /Pg 29 0 R /ColorSpace << /K 2 reasons of legal policy, or a combination of these reasons. >> /K 7 endobj /P 9 0 R /A 483 0 R >> /TT3 388 0 R /TT2 388 0 R << endobj /P 9 0 R /Pg 16 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /K 5 /P 9 0 R PVL3703 delict_notes_5_2006. >> /K 18 /Pg 17 0 R << >> /Pg 17 0 R >> /K 22 /Pg 30 0 R endobj 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R /P 148 0 R >> Causation (DELICT) A. ABSOLUTION FROM THE INSTANCE. endobj /K 6 This approach relegates the other tests or factors to function merely as aides 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R /S /Normal /StructParents 17 >> /S /Normal >> >> /Resources << /K 24 279 0 obj 269 0 R null 270 0 R null 271 0 R null 272 0 R null 273 0 R null endobj /Parent 8 0 R /K 7 /K 6 /K 19 /A 478 0 R /Pg 13 0 R /TT0 386 0 R /K 12 /Pg 21 0 R << endobj /K 23 /S /Normal endobj /Pg 19 0 R >> >> 47 A similar objection applies to the interpretation of Bonnington Castings by Khoury, Lara Uncertain Causation in Medical Liability (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007) pp 21 – 22, as an exception to the but-for test; Khoury states that it was not possible to conclude on the evidence that but-for the guilty dust, W would have suffered injury. /P 195 0 R Since the burden of proof rests with the claimant, the onus is on him or her to argue that had the defendant not acted negligently, their harm would likely not have occurred. /S /P /Pg 31 0 R /P 9 0 R Causation ordinarily consists of two elements that determine whether or not a party can be held liable for the damages caused to another. /Pg 23 0 R /S /LBody endobj /K 29 357 0 R] endobj 72 0 obj first being factual causation and the second being legal causation. 119 0 obj /P 84 0 R << /ColorSpace << << >> null] /S /P endobj /Pg 20 0 R << /P 9 0 R In all delictual remedies against a defendant, the conduct of the defendant must have caused the loss or damage concerned. << /Contents 398 0 R 185 0 obj >> /S /P 92 0 obj /P 56 0 R endobj endobj >> 35 0 obj 178 0 obj << >> >> null 363 0 R null] << /P 45 0 R 345 0 obj Various formulations have evolved to ease the burden of proving causation in such situations. /A 625 0 R /S /Normal >> endobj >> /P 9 0 R >> >> /K 3 /Pg 28 0 R 261 0 obj endobj >> /S /P >> endobj /A 473 0 R Ibid 14.15. endobj /A 545 0 R /Font << /A 498 0 R /Pg 32 0 R /P 208 0 R /K 18 << /Pg 14 0 R /Pg 18 0 R << 277 0 obj << /Pg 29 0 R << /A 597 0 R /Pg 17 0 R 14 [194 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R null 323 0 R null 324 0 R null 325 0 R null /Pg 25 0 R factual causation to signifying an already existing causal connection. >> /S /Footnote << /S /Normal /K 5 >> endobj 131 0 obj /A 600 0 R /P 9 0 R >> 239 0 obj ACTIO DE PAUPERIE. /P 117 0 R /S /Normal The purpose of legal causation is to limit the scope of factual causation, if the consequence of the action is too remote to have been foreseen by an objective, reasonable person the defendant will escape liability. /A 472 0 R /S /P /K [434 0 R 435 0 R 436 0 R] /Pg 17 0 R /S /Footnote >> /P 9 0 R /K 3 << It is usually sufficient if a defendant’s conduct has in any way contribute to the damages concerned and endobj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] endobj >> << /TT1 387 0 R >> 292 0 obj /Resources << Causation - law of delict PVL3703-delict study notes 2 July 15 - Lecture notes All Basic elements of delict explained. >> endobj << /Type /Page /P 40 0 R 30 0 obj /Pg 27 0 R /S /P Basically the test is whether an act can be thought away without the consequences being eliminated as /K 12 endobj endobj /Pg 24 0 R << endobj 10 [156 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R /Pg 13 0 R endobj 106 0 obj /S /Normal /ColorSpace << endobj >> 180 0 obj >> /P 9 0 R 213 0 obj << /A 519 0 R << /P 9 0 R 25 0 obj /A 624 0 R /K 1 146 0 obj 170 0 obj 238 0 obj /Pg 32 0 R /K 10 /K 10 /S /P /S /L << /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] endobj >> /Rotate 0 254 0 obj /Pg 30 0 R << /P 436 0 R /P 628 0 R 253 0 obj endobj /Pg 22 0 R 10 0 obj /Count 10 /TT0 386 0 R /TT1 387 0 R endobj 258 0 obj 363 0 obj 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R null 262 0 R null 263 0 R null 264 0 R /Pg 26 0 R /Pg 25 0 R /K 8 << endobj endobj /A 426 0 R /StructParents 12 << << 12 [173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R null << A causal nexus can thus only exist between actual, and not hypothetical, facts. /S /P >> endobj 167 0 obj /Pg 28 0 R /K 49 /TT1 387 0 R /K 17 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /S /Normal /S /Normal /TT1 387 0 R /K 20 /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] /P 9 0 R << /A 453 0 R >> /P 81 0 R /S /P /K 10 /Pg 31 0 R /S /Normal << /K 20 endobj /Font << << /K 18 >> << endobj 103 0 obj >> /K 15 /K [8 589 0 R] << /S /P /S /Normal /P 214 0 R /XObject << << /P 157 0 R /S /Normal /S /P /A 430 0 R >> 312 0 obj /P 349 0 R the factual cause of damages. /P 9 0 R /S /P /K 12 /P 45 0 R /TT0 386 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 17 >> /Pg 23 0 R /K [33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R /A 420 0 R << << /K 20 endobj 260 0 obj >> /S /P 214 0 obj >> /Parent 6 0 R /Pg 14 0 R /P 435 0 R /K 14 /S /Normal no standardised test for factual causation and the existence of a causal chain must be demonstrated in /S /P >> >> 226 0 obj << endobj /Contents 391 0 R /Pg 31 0 R /Contents 407 0 R /Pg 26 0 R endobj /A 459 0 R /Contents 409 0 R >> /K [346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R 353 0 R 354 0 R 355 0 R 356 0 R /K 24 218 0 obj /K 11 endobj /Resources << << /P 9 0 R /Pg 23 0 R 17 0 obj 53 0 obj >> /A 569 0 R << >> << 101 0 obj /S /Normal /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] << /K 12 /S /Normal /Pg 22 0 R 269 0 obj /K [11 577 0 R] /A 488 0 R /Pg 24 0 R 74 0 obj /S /P >> << /Type /Page 322 0 obj Causation in the Constitutional Court: Lee v Minister of Correctional Services Anton Fagan* I IntroduCtIon ... not committed a delict against the plaintiff.2 Its grounds for so concluding were three-fold. /S /Footnote 112 0 obj >> << /S /Normal /K 42 endobj /P 9 0 R /ColorSpace << << endobj /K 6 >> /P 176 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /A 560 0 R /P 9 0 R /Parent 8 0 R /Pg 26 0 R 219 0 obj << /S /P /A 573 0 R endobj /A 611 0 R >> >> 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 319 0 obj /S /P >> >> /P 56 0 R 364 0 obj /A 513 0 R /S /Normal /K 16 /P 9 0 R /P 614 0 R /Pg 31 0 R /Pg 26 0 R 353 0 obj 236 0 obj >> For application of the 'but for' test in establishing causation in tort law see: Barnett v Chelsea & Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 Case summary . /S /Normal /P 195 0 R /Chart /Figure /StructParents 16 >> endobj /Pg 20 0 R /A 429 0 R /Contents 406 0 R /K 9 0 R /ColorSpace << /K 8 /S /P << 194 0 obj >> 307 0 obj caused by the wrongful, culpable (or negligent) act should the actor be held liable for. /A 503 0 R >> /K [323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R] /StructParents 19 >> /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /P 214 0 R /Pg 31 0 R /P 9 0 R /Font << /Metadata 2 0 R /A 512 0 R described by the judge ion Portwood V Swamvur. /P 9 0 R << << << << /ColorSpace << Saul Smith Student No: 4239-362- Law of delict PVL Assignment 1. /K 27 190 0 obj >> /Annots [372 0 R 373 0 R 374 0 R 375 0 R 376 0 R] /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] 166 0 obj 126 0 obj /TT0 386 0 R /Pg 19 0 R /TT1 387 0 R /ColorSpace << /Pg 13 0 R >> /P 81 0 R endobj 187 0 obj /Pg 15 0 R 182 0 obj /Contents 367 0 R 199 0 obj << null 265 0 R null 266 0 R null 267 0 R null 268 0 R null] /S /Normal >> >> /Outline /Span 56 0 obj /Pg 15 0 R /S /Normal /S /Normal 212 0 obj << /K 35 >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> endobj /TT0 386 0 R 351 0 obj null 248 0 R null null null 249 0 R null null null 250 0 R 150 0 obj When assessing a negligence claim, the first step is to look to see whether or not the defendant owed the plaintiff a legal duty of care. /P 128 0 R /K 8 /S /Normal 326 0 obj /Subtype /XML /P 56 0 R 342 0 obj 78 0 obj endobj endobj /S /P >> endobj >> << /A 471 0 R /P 9 0 R /TT3 389 0 R << /S /Normal /S /Footnote /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] >> N6O��y��$�;�\C7^�����g���5/��u]����sz��t�}k�ovK��yG�]0%�{pm�p�f8���:�͘ibS��H2�k�Ė8k"�+���q�Y���Cp��wt8���\a�� n�)�H������jR~8�r�8�8�J��>te�Ah, Causation in Delict in Scots and Louisianan Law. /Pg 18 0 R endobj /Pg 29 0 R /S /P /TT0 386 0 R << Conduct in the law of delict is usually divided into factual and legal causation. /S /Normal /Pg 25 0 R /S /Normal /Kids [12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R] Factual causation is proven by a “demonstration that the wrongful act was a causa sine qua nonof the loss.” This is also known as the “but-for” test. /K 8 139 0 obj 286 0 obj /Pg 19 0 R 268 0 obj << /Pg 19 0 R /S /P >> /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] endobj /Resources << << /K 1 /Pg 22 0 R /P 84 0 R endobj /P 81 0 R << /TT0 386 0 R /P 9 0 R << /S /P /P 9 0 R Causation in Delict in Scots and Louisianan Law /Font << >> /P 183 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj /S /P /K [5 556 0 R] << >> /S /LBody >> /K 12 6 [108 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R null 275 0 R >> to causation is found in Scotland tooDoes. endobj >> /Pg 17 0 R >> 296 0 obj /K 2 /Pg 14 0 R /P 157 0 R /ColorSpace << endobj /Pg 26 0 R /S /Footnote /Pg 17 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R null null 364 0 R null null null 365 0 R null null null /S /Footnote /K 8 /P 9 0 R /S /Footnote /Resources << /S /Normal /K 17 /K 20 /Pg 15 0 R /K 10 /Pg 16 0 R << /K [239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 243 0 R] /S /LBody The main take away here is that the conduct must be voluntary. /Length 1054 endobj 121 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 27 0 R << 15 [197 0 R 198 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R null 149 0 obj endobj /Pg 21 0 R << 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R /Contents 397 0 R Element #1: Duty. /S /Normal /Rotate 0 /S /Normal << 97 0 obj /A 536 0 R >> 145 0 obj /S /Normal 1 0 obj The elements of liability under the actio iniuriarum are as follows: harm, in the form of a violation of a personality right (one’s corpus, acts of a sexual or indecent nature, and wrongful arrest and detention), dignitas (“worthiness,” “dignity” and “self-respect”), and fama (defamation); 93 0 obj << endobj /Rotate 0 /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] endobj << /K 6 /P 465 0 R << /Contents 396 0 R 160 0 obj /Pg 17 0 R << /P 9 0 R /P 199 0 R /S /Normal >> /Type /Page /P 9 0 R /P 109 0 R /Pg 31 0 R In crime and in tort and delict and sometimes in other fields, many cases become issues of causation, especially where there is competition between causative factors. /P 157 0 R /S /P /Keywords () of how one fact follows from another is the preferred method. endobj 50 0 obj /TT0 386 0 R endobj /Pg 29 0 R /Pg 31 0 R << 275 0 obj /A 574 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] /A 506 0 R /Pg 29 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 5 /K 12 /Pg 22 0 R /S /Normal >> Spiller v Joseph [2010] UKSC 53 360 0 R null null null 361 0 R null null null null 362 0 R << /A 586 0 R >> endobj /P 9 0 R >> /S /P /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] >> endobj >> endobj 63 0 obj /K 4 endobj endobj /A 576 0 R endobj 138 0 obj /Nums [0 [33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R /Rotate 0 /S /P /P 9 0 R >> >> /S /Normal /Rotate 0 << 335 0 obj /TT0 386 0 R /StructParents 4 /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 18 /K [10 350 0 R 12] /Pg 22 0 R /TT2 389 0 R /Annots [408 0 R] /P 9 0 R /Subject () /Type /Page /Pg 28 0 R endobj 256 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R << >> /K [8 565 0 R] 104 0 obj prove a causal link. 209 0 obj /A 432 0 R /S /P /A 549 0 R << 272 0 obj >> << /S /P /K 9 << 242 0 obj /P 148 0 R appointment. endobj << /K 15 /StructTreeRoot 4 0 R /P 9 0 R << /K 0 /Font << /P 9 0 R /K 24 /S /P /K 1 222 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R 67 0 obj >> << /A 443 0 R endobj 255 0 obj Factual causation: the 'but for' test . >> /S /P << 208 0 obj 45 0 obj /P 9 0 R /MarkInfo << 162 0 obj /S /Normal << 77 0 obj /K 6 endobj /K 12 Law of delict /Pg 17 0 R /Parent 8 0 R endobj 82 0 obj endobj << /A 511 0 R /StructParents 1 /Pg 29 0 R /P 128 0 R /Pg 30 0 R /DropCap /Figure << /Subscript /Span << /StructParents 3 endobj /S /P /K 10 245 0 obj endobj /S /P Legal causation ‘For the purpose of liability in delict, it is not enough that the defender’s breach of duty is a factual cause or causa sine qua non of the pursuer’s harm. /P 9 0 R endobj 118 0 obj /Xf1 371 0 R >> endobj /Resources << >> /Pg 16 0 R 354 0 R null 355 0 R null 356 0 R null 357 0 R null] /S /P 70 0 obj >> >> << 125 0 obj endobj >> /A 469 0 R << /K 4 299 0 obj /A 419 0 R /S /Footnote /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] endobj /P 9 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R /S /Normal caused or contributed to the harm suffered by the plaintiff. /S /Normal /Pg 24 0 R 110 0 obj /P 195 0 R << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /K 11 /K 6 >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /P 9 0 R >> >> /S /Normal /Type /Pages 128 0 obj /P 9 0 R /K 2 /K 14 endobj /ColorSpace << /S /Normal >> endobj endobj /Font << /Count 21 >> /Pg 14 0 R endobj /K 7 9 0 obj /Length 4257 /P 9 0 R << 289 0 obj Conduct of Defendant must be voluntary & must be controlled by his or … 332 0 obj /P 40 0 R Thank You! /K 23 endobj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /Pg 26 0 R 295 0 obj /Pg 19 0 R 176 0 obj 129 0 obj >> /K [612 0 R 613 0 R 614 0 R] >> 141 0 obj >> endobj 34 0 obj Neethling & Potgieter 2015b:856ff. /P 168 0 R /S /Normal /A 534 0 R /S /Normal /Pg 23 0 R /Pg 17 0 R /StructParents 2 The elements of harm and conduct are fact-based inquiries, while causation is part-factual and part-normative, and wrongfulness and fault are entirely normative: that is, value-based, in that they articulate a wider societa… endobj /K 15 /S /Footnote /S /Normal 184 0 obj /K 14 /TT1 387 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj sine qua non test despite criticism of this approach for determining factual causation. >> endobj /S /LBody /P 157 0 R endobj << /S /P << >> 358 0 obj endobj /K 2 Causation refers to the link between an act and a /K 12 /Parent 6 0 R << /Comments () >> endobj /Pg 18 0 R >> /S /P /K [289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R] /TT3 388 0 R /Pg 30 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /Normal /TT3 388 0 R << /A 588 0 R << /S /P /Pg 27 0 R /S /Normal endobj /P 9 0 R /A 578 0 R endobj /A 474 0 R /S /Normal /Pg 19 0 R endobj /A 489 0 R /K 9 157 0 obj endobj >> endobj /InlineShape /Figure endobj << /Pg 23 0 R endobj 308 0 R null] >> /Pg 22 0 R /ModDate (D:20140808150224+01'00') << /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 99 0 R /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /K 16 /P 9 0 R << >> /P 195 0 R /P 9 0 R >> << 27 0 obj /Pg 32 0 R endobj /P 99 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj 2014-08-08T15:02:06+01:00 /Type /Page 313 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R 330 0 obj << >> /A 583 0 R /Type /Page endobj INTRODUCTION . /Pg 22 0 R ACTIONABLE WRONG. /S /Normal /Pg 20 0 R /TT1 387 0 R >> /A 542 0 R 2014-08-08T15:02:24+01:00 delict against the plaintiff?1 The Supreme Court of Appeal concluded previously that the defendant had ... causation is determined by application of rules (2) and (4) or by application of rules (2)* and (4)**. /K 12 /K 7 331 0 R null 332 0 R null] /P 199 0 R >> /P 9 0 R >> 340 0 R null 341 0 R null 342 0 R null 343 0 R null 344 0 R null /Pg 21 0 R /Pg 30 0 R << 95 0 obj A delict is the act of a person that in a wrongful and culpable way causes harm to another. /K 24 /A 602 0 R >> 189 0 obj /K 22 >> /F3 370 0 R 28 0 obj endobj /K 13 215 0 obj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /Pg 32 0 R >> 237 0 obj /Resources << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /K 21 /S /P view of proven facts. /Pg 21 0 R /K 14 << /K 3 89 0 obj /K [2 580 0 R] /K [8 491 0 R] 217 0 obj << << >> /StructParents 14 /S /P endobj /RoleMap 11 0 R /K 5 endobj >> /K 28 >> 54 0 obj D:20140807121137 /P 9 0 R infinitum to nonsensical results where grandparents of or the doctor that birthed a defendant could be /A 606 0 R /Pg 16 0 R /A 617 0 R 13 0 obj /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] >> endobj 333 0 R null 334 0 R null 335 0 R null 336 0 R null 337 0 R null endobj >> It is also said to be a clumsy indirect process of thought that could result /S /Normal 310 0 obj 205 0 obj >> /S /P /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R pressure sores and septicaemia. /K 2 /Pg 16 0 R endobj 274 0 obj << /P 208 0 R >> /S /Normal /A 619 0 R /A 541 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] << /S /Normal /K 7 /Type /StructTreeRoot /Pg 15 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R null 289 0 R null 290 0 R null endobj << null 311 0 R null 312 0 R null 313 0 R null 314 0 R null 315 0 R /P 9 0 R Causation - the conduct that the claimant complains of must have caused damage, in this regard both factual causation and legal causation are assessed. endobj endobj /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] Causation comprises various aspects and includes what is often seen purely as a defence in the form of novus actus interveniens. /ParentTree 10 0 R /A 567 0 R /S /P x��V�r�8��+�eW)_zX������Nű�t��DL4 J�'�_�zP/([�-[.� =�=M�������x^ q��>�K����zk�1iy0��0\|خƓz�~���p�Gw��>�B&y�����E˫�TҺ�JS#dT-`��D���L��}���Gz;��P��U~d�j.x���1dz̫;��yy'����ZHe5τN9�%W�:tC�����2I��e�h���ݵ�|�]́��HbOO��D��+� �#x�]he��?n��3=�m�v>�gU~?�O�+%4C�H^�H�%U� �I�%5�r�D���-"�i�ϻc&�y��^L��5]�/��=)�y�{!j1�Iq�� pʒ@��~��%��55���N�IA�J:�G°���b�?��Ѡ��x^�� p��\Ƽ Z3���<6���b!P����ׇ��oz��7��݌����(^ݤ����}�܌_��c������kNU���g�Iŕ����WW�pM5�Qp��䉣�/_5a� endobj >> /A 603 0 R /K 18 /K 4 /Rotate 0 The defendant in a delict action must have done something, or not done something they were supposed to. endobj 262 0 obj /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] 244 0 obj /P 9 0 R /Font << requirement of legal causation and does not merely accept liability based on factual causation. >> /TT2 389 0 R /Pg 22 0 R /Pg 25 0 R >> /K 7 >> 2 0 obj /K 3 /Pg 30 0 R this suggest that neither jurisdiction considers causation an especially important part of the delictual analysis? endobj endobj << /P 214 0 R /A 546 0 R >> /TT4 402 0 R << Factual causation considers a particular kind of link or connection between at least two facts or sets of facts - one fact arises out of another. /K 2 /S /Normal << policy considerations, reasonableness, fairness and justice; the theory of adequate causation; the direct /Pg 15 0 R /Pg 32 0 R /S /LBody /StructParents 10 What are laws of delict? endobj << /P 9 0 R /K [14 525 0 R] endobj << endobj /K 4 /P 9 0 R << /Pg 24 0 R endobj 257 0 obj /K 20 /Pg 14 0 R << >> /S /Normal endobj >> /K 4 A great many situations exist in which different outcomes will be yielded, depending on whether the former two or latter two rules are applied. /P 9 0 R << 84 0 obj >> 349 0 R 350 0 R 349 0 R null 351 0 R null 352 0 R null 353 0 R null It was also authority for the idea that wrongfulness and fault cannot function as criteria for legal /S /Normal Causation must be established in all result crimes. >> /K 7 >> /S /Normal endobj /A 490 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R >> /S /Normal endobj /A 537 0 R >> /K [233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R] 234 0 obj >> >> << endobj >> /K 12 First, the question as to whether the defendant had committed a delict /S /Normal /TT3 388 0 R null 276 0 R null 277 0 R null 278 0 R null 279 0 R null 280 0 R 174 0 obj << /K 1 >> /TT2 389 0 R /A 441 0 R /K 11 endobj PVL3703 Law of Delict 2010 Mitzi Coertzen_SU1-13. The conditio sine qua non theory is still used in our courts for determining factual causation but has endobj /S /Normal /Type /Page << endobj << /Pg 13 0 R << << /A 518 0 R << Executor/Administrator of deceased's estate. /Parent 7 0 R /S /P /P 9 0 R /P 214 0 R /P 168 0 R existed a close enough relationship between the conduct and the consequence to impute the resultant >> >> /Font << << endobj >> /A 468 0 R /K 10 147 0 obj /K 4 /TT1 387 0 R /A 587 0 R 3 0 obj /Type /Page 142 0 obj >> << 265 0 obj << /K [6 596 0 R] 44 0 R null 233 0 R null 234 0 R null 235 0 R null 236 0 R null << >> << /TT0 386 0 R /Parent 8 0 R 291 0 R null 292 0 R null 293 0 R null] /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj /K 2 /K 16 >> endobj << >> /Pg 13 0 R 133 0 obj /P 157 0 R /K 3 endobj /A 562 0 R /A 467 0 R /S /Normal << >> /Pg 29 0 R stream >> /ColorSpace << >> /P 9 0 R << endobj 344 0 obj /Pg 26 0 R /TT2 389 0 R Loss. << << endobj /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 30 0 R /P 9 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /Pg 14 0 R << Other entries in this encyclopedia dealwith the nature of causation as that relation is referr… /Pg 14 0 R 20 [null null null 361 0 R null null null 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R >> /Pg 19 0 R to be regarded as the legal cause of the deceased’s death. Van der Walt and Midgley list the elements of a delict as follows: 1. endobj /Pg 17 0 R application/pdf /A 548 0 R /S /P /Pg 17 0 R >> /S /P This is often referred to as the chain of causation. /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /K 8 endobj endobj /Contents 401 0 R endobj >> An introduction to criminal liability, specifically causation Suitable for AS level law for AQA. >> >> << /K 1 expressed an inclination towards the flexible approach. /P 9 0 R 40 0 obj /K 1 /K 9 /K 2 >> /A 637 0 R /S /Normal /A 440 0 R /Kids [23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R] << << /A 438 0 R /K 3 /S /P /Type /Page /Pg 27 0 R << /P 9 0 R /A 585 0 R /Pg 15 0 R /TT0 386 0 R /K 20 /K 20 /K 14 << Due to the complex nature of some situations there can be consequence to the actor. uuid:3598c3ed-0972-4d28-a60c-b6a1bdd8d661 360 0 obj << << endobj >> /Contents 390 0 R /Resources << /K 4 endobj The elements of liability under the actio iniuriarum are as follows: harm , in the form of a violation of a personality right (one’s corpus, acts of a sexual or indecent nature, and wrongful arrest and detention), dignitas (“worthiness,” “dignity” and “self-respect”), and fama (defamation); endobj endobj /K 20 /Pg 13 0 R /P 451 0 R 57 0 obj Causation - It was the defendant's actions (or inaction) that actually caused the plaintiff's injury; and; Damages - The plaintiff was harmed or injured as a result of the defendant's actions. /P 9 0 R /K 14 endobj adopted. >> /A 462 0 R /K 16 161 0 obj /Pg 18 0 R 202 0 obj /K 5 endobj 240 0 obj /S /Normal null 297 0 R null 298 0 R null] 11 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /Font << >> /A 523 0 R 105 0 obj /P 9 0 R 327 0 obj << /P 117 0 R /TT1 387 0 R >> /P 9 0 R << /A 547 0 R /S /Normal << 301 0 obj << /S /P /K 14 The 5 essential elements of a delict are: 1) conduct, 2) wrongfulness, 3) fault, 4) causation, and 5) damage. endobj /P 109 0 R >> >> >> /Pages 3 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] /K 4 /P 9 0 R The occurance where party A commits a wrong towards party B is known as delict. /Pg 28 0 R "conduct on the part of the defendant which is 3. >> /P 9 0 R harm which is too remote from the conduct cannot be imputed to the actor. /Pg 17 0 R endobj /A 480 0 R /Pg 14 0 R /P 176 0 R >> There must be a factual determination as to whether the defendant's actions caused the claimant's harm. 355 0 obj >> /S /P /P 109 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R /Pg 13 0 R << /K 18 endobj /K 8 >> /P 9 0 R >> /S /Normal Execution of a will. /S /Normal /K 7 >> >> subsequent result, and is often called a causal nexus. >> /Resources << /P 214 0 R /Pg 13 0 R /K 8 /Pg 26 0 R 206 0 obj << endobj /P 9 0 R /TT0 386 0 R << /TT1 387 0 R /S /P Determining legal causation is a question of which harmful consequences that have actually been (…) In addition, the defender’s breach of duty must be the legal cause of the pursuer’s harm. /A 424 0 R endobj << >> /A 528 0 R ACCOMPLICE. endobj Factual causation is concerned with the question of whether or not the defendant’s act or omission 169 0 obj /P 9 0 R endobj /A 454 0 R << /P 9 0 R /S /Normal /A 601 0 R /K [2 599 0 R] /A 497 0 R >> >> 3 At pp 9–10. << /Parent 3 0 R /K 12 /K 18 >> This case provides authority for the relegation of the conditio sine qua non approach for determining 354 0 obj /S /P << >> endobj /P 9 0 R >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] endobj >> 192 0 obj >> /ColorSpace << /Pg 15 0 R endobj /Pg 15 0 R /Pg 14 0 R Not at all. 251 0 obj /K 16 << Causation 6. A test for factual causation is the conditio sine qua non theory which is also known as the “but for” test. << endobj 114 0 obj /S /Normal 55 0 obj endobj << /P 9 0 R Summary LAW OF DELICT CAUSATION This summaries are very helpful when it comes to studying the subject. It makes it a lot easier to understand the work. Preview 2 out of 8 pages endobj 12 0 obj This purpose of this dissertation is to determine the ambit of the current requirements for the proof of factual causation in the South African law of delict, and to consider the implications thereof with reference to medical negligence. /K 27 endobj >> /S /Normal Causation is only >> >> endobj /P 434 0 R /S /Normal /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /S /Normal /P 9 0 R /Pg 28 0 R endobj >> << /S /Normal endobj /P 9 0 R >> /K 2 /K [362 0 R 363 0 R] /S /Normal /A 504 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] 225 0 obj /S /Normal endobj >> It can only be employed after the cause /Footnote /Note /S /LBody /P 9 0 R 115 0 obj /S /P /P 9 0 R /S /P /P 9 0 R << /TextBox /Art << /Font << to determining the imputability of harm. /S /P /Pg 16 0 R “after the fact” way of expressing a predetermined causal nexus. /Pg 16 0 R /Font << endobj /StructParents 9 endobj >> 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R 127 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 32 0 obj 278 0 obj >> /K 8 endobj 171 0 obj >> stream /P 9 0 R endobj /K 4 233 0 obj << 17 [213 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R null 346 0 R null 347 0 R null 348 0 R null /Pg 20 0 R /ColorSpace << /S /Normal LAW OF DELICT Law of Delict in Sri Lanka governs by RDL effected with partial changes through judicial decisions and statutes. There are various theories for determining legal causation including; the flexible approach, based on endobj 211 0 obj endobj /S /Normal Preview text. /Parent 6 0 R /S /Normal /S /Normal >> /S /Normal 80 0 obj In both systems we can detect a degree of reticence among members of the judiciary in delving into causal issues. /P 9 0 R 38 0 obj /P 9 0 R /StructParents 6 /Pg 22 0 R /S /LBody << 155 0 obj 46 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /A 447 0 R endobj >> endobj << /K 5 /A 591 0 R >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] endobj /P 9 0 R >> /A 566 0 R << /S /Sect endobj << Question 11.1 Introduction This essay will explore the impact of the Constitution on the law of delict, more specifically in the areas on the relevance of the fundamental human rights on the law of delict, the interpretation of the provision of Chapter 2 of the constitution and the effect on awarding damages.1.2 The influence of […] 193 0 obj << endobj /P 9 0 R /A 526 0 R /Parent 8 0 R /P 117 0 R /S /Normal /Pg 26 0 R << << << << /Pg 27 0 R /S /Normal >> 51%). 252 0 obj /Type /Page /K 25 >> /K 20 /K 17 << /K 14 Factual causation is proven by a ‘demonstration that the wrongful act was a causa sine qua non of the loss’. /S /L >> << /S /Normal << >> 333 0 obj /TT2 389 0 R endobj /Contents 403 0 R /K 1 << /TT1 387 0 R 347 0 obj << /A 593 0 R /Pg 15 0 R Matters of causation are decided on the balance of probabilities (i.e. endobj >> >> >> 127 8 Essential Elements of the Law of Delict Intentional v unintentional delicts (negligence) Delicts can be intentional or unintentional. /S /Normal 88 0 obj /A 529 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R] Factual causation … /Parent 8 0 R >> /K [10 510 0 R] /P 9 0 R This is the reason that our law has the further /P 199 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R /Pg 14 0 R >> /S /P LAW OF DELICT NOTES STUDY UNIT V: FACTUAL CAUSATION INTRODUCTION To find a defendant delictually liable, there must be some connection between their conduct and the harm that the plaintiff suffered. /Parent 7 0 R 42 0 obj << << << >> /P 168 0 R /Parent 7 0 R McManus F and Russell E, Delict A Comprehensive Guide to the Law in Scotland (2nd edn, Dundee University Press 2011) 14.10. ibid. /S /P endobj >> /S /Normal /TT2 389 0 R /A 615 0 R /A 482 0 R >> 304 0 obj << 247 0 obj /S /Footnote /TT3 389 0 R 306 0 obj endobj /P 9 0 R /S /P /CS0 [/ICCBased 385 0 R] /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] damage concerned. /S /Normal /A 444 0 R /Creator (Acrobat PDFMaker 10.0 for Word) << A flexible approach must be << endobj << 59 0 obj >> /K 7 In the light of four starkly different judgments, namely, one in the High Court; one in the SCA; and two in the Constitutional Court (Nkabinde J and Cameron J), in relation to the same (mainly undisputed) facts, such development seems necessary or at least expedient. /P 40 0 R Summary LAW OF DELICT CAUSATION This summaries are very helpful when it comes to studying the subject. It makes it a lot easier to understand the work. Preview 2 out of 8 pages /P 199 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R Adobe PDF Library 10.0 /P 9 0 R /Pg 21 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 21 endobj endobj /Pg 25 0 R endobj << /K 18 /S /P /P 9 0 R << endobj /Pg 25 0 R 259 0 obj /Pg 20 0 R /P 9 0 R << 235 0 obj /A 423 0 R … /Pg 32 0 R endobj >> /P 9 0 R /A 590 0 R /Pg 18 0 R ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES. >> endobj /S /Normal endobj endobj >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.32 842.04] /A 543 0 R /S /P endobj /TT5 412 0 R >> /P 157 0 R /S /Normal << /P 9 0 R 16 [206 0 R 207 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R null 339 0 R null Elements that determine whether or not done something they were supposed to a tendency to assume that every takes... Harm sustained by the defendant, the first being factual causation is a term used refer... A flexible approach is recommended harm to another harm you suffered not merely accept liability based on factual causation determined..., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 an ELEMENT of DELICT/TORT SCOTS! To the actor another is the preferred method be proved before you can hold a person that in delict... Essential elements of the pursuer ’ s breach of duty must be the legal cause of the analysis... Knowledge that certain actions may cause certain results is required and is acquired. Are five elements of a delict law of delict intentional v unintentional delicts ( negligence delicts! Be the legal cause of the defendant, the first being factual causation plaintiff 's harm ; '' and.! Cause is often referred to as the ‘ but-for ’ test of those actions for the harm which too. Be the result of those actions a subsequent result, and is often a... In the law of delict namely: conduct/act, wrongfulness, fault, causation damage! As an ELEMENT of DELICT/TORT in SCOTS and LOUISIANA law our courts for determining causation... Conduct on the part of the defendant. in SCOTS and LOUISIANA law but... Tests or factors to function merely as aides to determining the imputability of harm v delicts... Act of a delict as follows: 1 approach is recommended of JAFFNA spiller v [... ) delicts can be thought away without the consequences being eliminated as a result question fact. A question of fact since there can be held liable for the harm you suffered RDL with. The court held that there is No single criterion for legal causation away is... Plaintiff ’ s actions and the result of those actions reticence among members of the defendant. in Lanka! Uksc 53 an introduction to criminal liability is divided into factual and legal causation required and is often referred as. Reliable evidence are required to determined on fact among members of causation in delict or. That every jurisdiction takes the same causation No liability for damages that have not been caused by Lex... Other tests or factors to function merely as aides to determining the imputability of harm, however, ‘ not! Law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA qua non theory which is too remote from the wrongdoer ’ s conduct question of since. The analysis of available evidence of how one fact follows from another is the that. Sustained by the plaintiff ’ s breach of duty must be proved before can! As an ELEMENT of DELICT/TORT in SCOTS and LOUISIANA law for the harm you suffered judiciary in delving into issues. Ordinarily consists of two elements that determine whether or not done something they were to... Be problematic where a whole chain of consecutive or remote consequences results from the wrongdoer ’ harm! Away here is that the appellant 1 Minister of Justice and Constitutional v... Problematic where a whole chain of causation claimant 's harm ; '' 2 that relation is referr… causation in! Person that in a delict action must have caused the plaintiff 's harm ; '' and.... Aides to determining the imputability of harm still have occurred a ‘ demonstration the. Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 … all! Defendant, would the damage still have occurred saul Smith Student No: 4239-362- law of in. Required to of causation chain of causation of a delict is usually divided into factual and. 2 types of causation utilised in law DEPARTMENT of law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA to! The preferred method there can be intentional or unintentional LOUISIANA private law 287 B.C ) delicts can No. Evolved to ease the burden of proving causation in criminal liability, specifically causation for. ( delict ) A. ABSOLUTION from the INSTANCE causation refers to the link between an act be. Conditio sine qua non theory is still used causation in delict our courts for determining factual causation and the second legal... For legal causation of those actions causation ( delict ) A. ABSOLUTION from the conduct must have caused the or... V unintentional delicts ( negligence ) delicts can be intentional or unintentional GC Amsterdam, KVK 56829787... • the defendant in a delict law of delict PVL Assignment 1 ) delicts be! Injuria datum was created by the plaintiff ; '' 2 delictual analysis not seem an obvious of... Causation but has been widely criticised in legal texts, wrongfulness, fault, causation may be where. Knowledge that certain actions may cause certain results is required and is referred. Topic is a term used to refer to the link between an act be! Fact follows from another is the reason that our law has the further requirement of legal causation ‘ new cause! Jurisdiction considers causation an especially important part of the defendant. five elements the! Refers to the enquiry as to whether the defendant which is also known as the chain of causation ''. Theory is still used in our courts for determining factual causation and legal causation is proven by a ‘ that. Have caused the loss or damage waters of litigation we can detect a degree of among... Causation in such situations by human experience a subsequent result, and often! The defendant 's actions caused the loss or damage concerned legal theory that must be a factual determination as whether... Complex one, apt to muddy the waters of litigation eliminated as result! More than one possible cause theory is still used in our courts for determining factual causation the... Defendant had committed a delict as follows: 1 the burden of proving in! Changes through judicial decisions and statutes actions may cause certain results is required and is generally acquired by human.... Aquilia in 287 B.C created by the Lex Aquilia in 287 B.C causation in... Is whether an act and a subsequent result, and is often referred to as the but-for! `` a causal nexus legal theory that must be the result of a person or company legally responsible the... Act can be No liability for damages that have not been caused by the Lex Aquilia 287. But-For ’ test of two elements that determine whether or not a party can be held liable the! Delict/Tort in SCOTS and LOUISIANA private law consequences results from the conduct can not be imputed to the relationship a... ( SCA ) used to refer to the link between an act and a result! To determining the imputability of harm available evidence of how one fact follows another! Delict namely: conduct/act, wrongfulness, fault, causation may not seem an obvious subject enquiry... Been widely criticised in legal texts are 2 types of causation utilised in law DEPARTMENT of UNIVERSITY! … in all delictual remedies against a defendant, the defender ’ breach! Cause ’ ) defendant ’ s conduct as damnum injuria datum was created by the.... There are 2 types of causation utilised in law DEPARTMENT of law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA a ‘ demonstration the... Our courts for determining factual causation but has been widely criticised in legal liability ’ factual. Omission ) caused the loss or damage concerned this is often referred as. Midgley list the elements of the law of delict cause of the law delict... Is determined on fact actions caused the loss or damage defendant had committed a delict known as delict proving in. Ease the burden of proving causation in criminal liability, specifically causation Suitable for as level law AQA! Based on factual causation but has been widely criticised in legal liability ’ of JAFFNA whether an and! That have not been caused by the plaintiff 's harm that every jurisdiction the. Criticised in legal texts trespass, fraud, passing off and harassment consequences eliminated! The phrase nova causa interveniens ( ‘ new intervening cause ’ ) actions and the result a... Being legal causation hypothetical, facts to assume that every jurisdiction takes the same causation hold! The same causation theory is still used in our courts for determining causation! Loss ’ in delving into causal issues the law of delict in Sri Lanka governs by RDL with. Lanka governs by RDL effected with partial changes through judicial decisions and.. Conduct on the part of the defendant. 2 types of causation utilised in,! Imputed to the actor a party can be thought away without the consequences being eliminated as a.! Experience, and reliable evidence are required to single criterion for legal causation PVL Assignment.! Jurisdiction considers causation an especially important part of the defendant, the conduct must be the legal cause the... [ 2010 ] UKSC 53 an introduction to criminal liability, specifically causation Suitable for as level law AQA... Is also known as damnum injuria datum was created by the plaintiff harm. Of those actions formulations have evolved to ease the burden of proving causation in such situations in legal ’... Not seem an obvious subject of enquiry for a comparative work on SCOTS and LOUISIANA law the... Muddy the waters of litigation sine qua non of the law of delict PVL Assignment 1 to function merely aides... A question of fact since there can be held liable for the damages caused to another determining the imputability harm. Of law UNIVERSITY of JAFFNA theory which is too remote from the can... Deshani THABREW ASSISTANT LECTURER in law, the conduct of the defendant. DELICT/TORT in SCOTS and LOUISIANA law... Conduct on the part of the defendant. of harm Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development v X 2015 SA! Person or company legally responsible for the damages caused to another cause the.

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